Children do not learn to ride a bike with training wheels. They even prevent children from learning how to steer, start and stop correctly when riding a bike. Above all, children get used to an incorrect cornering position on a children's bike with training wheels: they shift their weight outwards instead of inwards. In other words, they do the exact opposite, so when the training wheels are removed, they have to learn how to corner from scratch.
The support wheels mean that the child always shifts their body weight to one side, so that the main wheel and one support wheel are always under load. The ideal that the child balances on the main wheel and the support wheel is only used for "support" is not fulfilled.
Training wheels can even become a source of danger - for example if they fall over the curb or into a pothole and the bike tips over. With training wheels, children can also roll backwards and get into dangerous situations.
Source: ADFC 
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When can a child do what? Developmental psychological aspects